Neurocircuitry of Predatory Hunting / 神经科学通报·英文版

Predatory hunting is an important type of innate behavior evolutionarily conserved across the animal kingdom. It is typically composed of a set of sequential actions, including prey search, pursuit, attack, and consumption. This behavior is subject to control by the nervous system. Early studies used toads as a model to probe the neuroethology of hunting, which led to the proposal of a sensory-triggered release mechanism for hunting actions. More recent studies have used genetically-trackable zebrafish and rodents and have made breakthrough discoveries in the neuroethology and neurocircuits underlying this behavior. Here, we review the sophisticated neurocircuitry involved in hunting and summarize the detailed mechanism for the circuitry to encode various aspects of hunting neuroethology, including sensory processing, sensorimotor transformation, motivation, and sequential encoding of hunting actions. We also discuss the overlapping brain circuits for hunting and feeding and point out the limitations of current studies. We propose that hunting is an ideal behavioral paradigm in which to study the neuroethology of motivated behaviors, which may shed new light on epidemic disorders, including binge-eating, obesity, and obsessive-compulsive disorders.

Measurement of the Thermic Effect of Food in a Chinese Mixed Diet in Young People / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the thermic effect of food (TEF) in a Chinese mixed diet in young people.@*METHODS@#During the study, the participants were weighed and examined for body composition every morning. The total energy expenditure (TEE) of the participants was measured by the doubly labeled water method for 7 days, and during this period, basal energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity energy expenditure was measured by an accelerometer. The value obtained by subtracting basal energy expenditure and physical activity energy expenditure from TEE was used to calculate TEF.@*RESULTS@#Twenty healthy young students (18-30 years; 10 male) participated in the study. The energy intake of the participants was not significantly different from the Chinese Dietary Reference Intake of energy ( P > 0.05). The percentage of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrate were all in the normal range. The intakes of fruits, milk and dietary fiber of the participants were significantly lower than those in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of the participants during the experiment ( P > 0.05). When adjusted for body weight, there was no significant difference in either TEE or basal energy expenditure between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in physical activity energy expenditure and TEF between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). The percentage of TEF in TEE was 8.73%.@*CONCLUSION@#The percentage of TEF in TEE in a Chinese mixed diet in young people was significantly lower than 10% ( P < 0.001). A value of 10% is usually considered to be the TEF in mixed diets as a percentage of TEE.

Ligustroflavone mediates the resistance of non-small cell lung cancer to osimertinib by arresting G1/S phase / 药学学报

Natural products are an important source for the development of antitumor lead compounds, but the pharmacological effects and regulatory mechanisms of natural products in osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not well understood. The natural product ligustroflavone was used as the research object to analyze its efficacy in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells by cell proliferation assay and cell cycle detection. The potential targets of ligustroflavone in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells were screened by public databases and bioinformatics, molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis were used to identify the interaction between privet and target molecules. Western blot was used to detect the effect of privet on the target molecules and their downstream pathways. Ligustroflavone reduced the proliferation of osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells, and could arrest the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) was the potential target of ligustroflavone in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Ligustroflavone inhibited the activation of CDK6-Rb axis. Together, ligustroflavone could regulate osimertinib resistance in NSCLC cells by binding cell cyclin-related molecules. This study provides a theoretical basis for the targeted drug resistance of NSCLC with natural products, and also provides a new idea for the development of clinical drug combination.

Effect of different pressure balloon dilation combined with prying reduction and bone graft fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures and the risk factors of postoperative re-fracture / 中国综合临床

Objective:To investigate the effect of different pressure balloon dilation combined with prying reduction and bone graft fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures and the risk factors of postoperative re-fracture.Methods:One hundred cases of thoracolumbar fracture patients admitted to Cangzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital in Hebei Province from March 2019 to June 2021 were selected. Prospective randomized controlled study method was used and random number table method was used to divide them into three groups: incomplete expansion group (33 cases), moderate expansion group (33 cases) and complete expansion group (34 cases). All the 3 groups were treated with balloon dilation combined with prying reduction and bone graft fixation. The pressure of balloon dilation in incomplete dilation group, moderate dilation group and complete dilation group was 100 psi, 150 psi and no more than 200 psi respectively, and the volume of balloon dilation was 0.5∶1, 1∶1 and 1.5∶1 respectively. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative drainage volume, vertebral anterior margin recovery rate and hospital stay, as well as local Cobb angle, visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores before and after operation were compared among the three groups. According to the follow-up of whether there is re-fracture after surgery, the clinical data of the re-fracture group and the non re-fracture group were compared, and the risk factors of the re-fracture after surgery were analyzed. The measurement data with normal distribution was expressed as: independent sample t-test was used for comparison between two groups, one-way ANOVA or repeated measurement ANOVA was used for comparison between three groups, and SNK-q test was used for comparison between two groups. Counting data were expressed in cases or cases (%), and compared between groups by χ 2 Inspection. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of refracture after thoracolumbar fracture. Results:There was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume among the three groups ( P=0.096, 0.328 and 0.344, respectively). The recovery rate of vertebral anterior edge height in moderate expansion group was higher than that in incomplete expansion group and complete expansion group ((84.15±4.21)% vs (70.18±7.44)%, (75.94±6.56)%), and the hospitalization time was shorter than that in incomplete expansion group and complete expansion group ((10.38±2.35) d vs (15.18±3.44), (14.59±2.48) d) (all P<0.001). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in Cobb angle, VAS and ODI scores among the three groups (all P>0.05). After treatment, the Cobb angle, VAS and ODI scores of patients in the three groups were lower than those before treatment, and the moderate expansion group were lower than those in the incomplete expansion group and the complete expansion group ((14.08±2.15) ° vs (16.48±4.85) °, (15.06±3.45) °, (1.81±0.53)% vs (2.25±0.41), (2.31±0.42), (18.16±2.18)% vs (20.48±4.85), (20.01±4.45) points) (all P<0.001). 100 patients were followed up until the fracture was healed. They were divided into re-fracture group (15 cases) and non re-fracture group (85 cases) according to whether there was re-fracture after operation. The results of multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index and bone mineral density were protective factors for patients with thoracolumbar fracture after operation (odds ratio was 0.66 and 0.15 respectively, 95% confidence interval: 0.51~0.86, 0.05~0.42, P values were 0.006 and <0.001 respectively), The old wedge-shaped change of the vertebral body and the abnormal structure of the lumbar spine are the risk factors for postoperative re-fracture (odds ratio 4.22 and 6.36, 95% confidence interval 1.14-15.56 and 1.43-28.21, respectively, P values were 0.027 and 0.015). Conclusions:In the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture with prying reduction and bone grafting fixation, the effect of balloon expansion pressure of 150 psi is better. Body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) were protective factors for postoperative re-fracture of patients with thoracolumbar fracture. Old wedge-shaped change of vertebral body and abnormal lumbar structure are risk factors for postoperative re-fracture.

Drofenine as a Kv2.1 inhibitor alleviated AD-like pathology in mice through A β/Kv2.1/microglial NLRP3/neuronal tau axis / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease with clinical hallmarks of pro-gressive cognitive impairment.Synergistic effects of Aβ-tau cascade reaction are tightly implicated in AD patholo-gy,and microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation drives neuronal tauopathy through microglia and neurons cross-talk.However,the underlying mechanism of how Aβ medi-ates NLRP3 inflammasome remains unclear.Shab related potassium channel member 1(Kv2.1)as a voltage gated po-tassium channel widely distributed in the central nervous system and plays an important role in regulating the out-ward potassium flow in neurons and glial cells.In current work,we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of Kv2.1 in regulating Aβ/NLRP3 inflammasome/tau axis by using a determined Kv2.1 inhibitor drofenine(Dfe).METHODS Cell-based assays including Western blot-ting and immunofluorescence staining against primary microglia or neurons were carried out to expound the role of Kv2.1 channel in NLRP3 inflammasome activa-tion and subsequent neuronal tau hyperphosphorylation.For animal studies,new object recognition,Y-maze and Morris water maze were performed to evaluate the ame-lioration of Kv2.1 inhibition through either Kv2.1 inhibitor Dfe treatment or adeno-associated virus AAV-ePHP-si-Kv2.1injectionon5×FADADmodel mice.Assays of histol-ogy and immunostaining of tissue sections and Western blotting of brain tissues were performed to verify the con-clusion of cellular assays.RESULTS We reported that oligomeric Aβ(o-Aβ)bound to microglial Kv2.1 and pro-moted Kv2.1-dependent potassium leakage to activate NLRP3 inflammasome through JNK/NF-κB pathway sub-sequently resulting in neuronal tauopathy.Treatment of either Kv2.1 inhibitor Dfe or AAV-ePHP-si-Kv2.1 for brain-specific Kv2.1 knockdown deprived o-A β of its capability in inducing microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neuronal tau hyperphosphorylation,while improved the cognitive impairment of 5×FAD AD model mice.CONCLUSION Our results have highly addressed that Kv2.1 channel is required for o-Aβ driving NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neuronal tauopathy in AD model mice and highlighted that Kv2.1 inhibition is a prom-ising therapeutical strategy for AD and Dfe as a Kv2.1 inhibitor shows potential in the treatment of this disease.

Working memory deficits in Parkinson's disease mouse model / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease(PD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease clinically char-acterized by dyskinesia,tremor,rigidity,abnormal gait,whereas 90%of patients with PD suffer from defects of the sense of smell before the appearance of the motor dysfunctions.However,the mechanism of olfactory disor-der is still not clear.METHODS We utilized olfaction based delayed paired association task in head-fixed mice.We focused on functional role of neural circuit using opto-genetic techniques.In addition,we viewed the synaptic transmission by slice physiological recording and count-ed the cell number of targeted circuits.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In our experiments,olfactory working memory impairments were found in the PD mice,and the working memory impairment appeared before motor dys-functions.Furthermore,we also investigated the functional role of neural circuit for olfactory working memory in PD mice.Meanwhile,the excitatory post synaptic currents were decreased as a result of presynaptic release proba-bility suppression in PD mice.However cell loss wasn't found in working memory related circuit recently.These will provide a new idea of clinic diagnosis for PD.

Effects of Postmortem Hemolysis and Ultrafiltration on Creatinine Detection Results / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the interference of postmortem hemolysis on the detection of creatinine and whether ultrafiltration can reduce the interference.@*METHODS@#A total of 33 non-hemolyzed whole blood samples from the left heart were collected. Hemolyzed samples with 4 hemoglobin mass concentration gradients H1-H4 were artificially prepared. Ultrafiltration was performed on each hemolyzed sample. Creatinine concentrations in non-hemolyzed serum (baseline serum), hemolyzed samples and ultrafiltrate were detected. Bias (B), Pearson correlation and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) of baseline creatinine concentration between before and after ultrafiltration were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#As the hemoglobin mass concentration increased, B of the hemolyzed samples in the H1-H4 groups gradually increased, the |B| was 2.41(0.82, 8.25)-51.31(41.79, 188.25), reaching a maximum of 589.06%, and there was no statistically significant between the creatinine concentration and the baseline creatinine concentration (P=0.472 7, r=0.129 5). After ultrafiltration of hemolyzed samples, the interference of creatinine concentration in ultrafiltrate was significantly reduced, the |B| was 5.32(2.26, 9.22)-21.74(20.06, 25.58), reaching a maximum of 32.14%, and there was a positive correlation with baseline creatinine concentration (P<0.05, r=0.918 2). In the hemolyzed samples of H3 and H4 groups, there were 7 false-positive samples and 1 false-negative sample; in the ultrafiltrate samples, there were no false-positive sample and 1 false-negative sample. ROC analysis results showed the hemolyzed samples were lack of diagnostic value (P=0.117 5).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The postmortem hemolysis significantly interferes creatinine detection results of blood samples, ultrafiltration can reduce hemolysis-induced interference in postmortem creatinine detection.

Research Progress of Exosomal microRNA in Cardiovascular Disease and Its Forensic Application Prospects / 法医学杂志

Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are miRNAs that are mediated by exosomes to achieve cell-to-cell communication, and they are widespread in organisms. In recent years, the key role of the multiple biological functions of exosomal miRNAs in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases has been confirmed by a large number of studies, which has become a hot spot in clinical and basic research. Sudden cardiac death caused by cardiovascular disease is one of the important contents in forensic medical identification. This article introduces the research progress of cardiovascular disease prediction, treatment and prognosis on exosomal miRNA. The prospects of the application in forensic medical identification are discussed.

The abnormalities of free uroflow curve in female patients with detrusor underactivity and their clinical significance / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the features of free uroflow(FF) curve patterns in female patients with detrusor underactivity(DU) and their clinical significance.Methods:Data of 275 adult female patients with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) underwent urodynamic studies(UDS) at urology center of our hospital from June 2014 to June 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The uroflow curve patterns of patients with DU were classified and analyzed in the context of parameters of FF, cystometry (CM), and pressure-flow study(PFS). The prevalence of each abnormal uroflow curve pattern in DU patients were calculated and compared with those in non-DU patients.Results:No bell-shaped curve was found in 141 patients with DU. The abnormal curve patterns can be divided into 5 types: Type Ⅰ (bell-shaped curve with saw tooth) in 20 cases (14.2%), Type Ⅱ (box-like curve) in 34 cases (24.1%), Type Ⅲ (triangle curve with decreasing slop) in 62 cases(43.9%), Type Ⅳ (triangle curve with increasing slop) in 4 cases (4.3%), Type Ⅴ (tide-wave curve)in 19 cases (13.5%). Maximum flow rate of free uroflow(Q max.FF) of type Ⅰ [(28.4±9.7) ml/s] was significantly greater than that of type Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ[(17.0±4.1), (15.8±5.4) and (12.9±6.4) ml/s, P<0.05]. Flow time of free uroflow(FT.FF) of type Ⅲ and Ⅴ [(43.7±17.2) and (50.1±28.9)s] were significantly longer than that of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ [(18.5±7.3)s and (27.2±9.7)s, P<0.05]. Post voided residual > 50ml was noted in 19 cases (30.6%) of type Ⅲ, 7 cases (36.8%) of type Ⅴ, 1 case (2.9%) of type Ⅱ and no one in type Ⅰ and Ⅳ. Abnormal manifestations in cystometry mainly included bladder hypersensitivity, detrusor overactivity, and stress urinary incontinence. Detrusor pressure at Q max (Pdet.Q max) of type Ⅴ [(7.4±5.0) cmH 2O] was significantly lower than that of type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ [(11.8±6.7), (12.0±5.3), (12.1±5.0) cmH 2O, P<0.05]. Among 134 cases of non-DU, there were type Ⅰ curves in 88 cases (65.7%), type Ⅱ curves in 4 cases (2.9%), type Ⅲ curves in 15 cases (11.2%), type Ⅳ curves in 1 cases (0.7%), type Ⅴ curves in 7 cases (5.2%). And normal bell-shaped curves in 19 cases(14.2%). The prevalence of type Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ in DU patients was significantly higher than that in the non DU patients ( P<0.05). Conclusions:This study reveals that the characteristics of reduced detrusor contractility and duration, prolonged bladder emptying or incomplete emptying can be reflected in the patterns of free uroflow curve in female patients with DU. The abnormalities of these free uroflow curve patterns, especially type Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ will be helpful in preliminarily screening DU in females.

Isolation, identification and electrophysiological activity of BmK M2 from Buthus martensii Karsch venom / 中国药科大学学报

@#This study aimed to isolate and identify novel toxin peptides targeting voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSGs) from the venom of the Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK) scorpion. Using G50-gel filtration, HPLC, peptide fingerprinting and amino acid sequencing, a novel sodium channel modulator, BmK M2, was identified from BMK scorpion. BmK M2 is a relatively abundant long chain polypeptide toxin in BmK scorpion venom with a molecular weight of 7 235.59, consisting of 64 amino acids and 4 pairs of disulfide bonds.Sequence alignment showed that the amino acid sequence of BmK M2 had high sequence and structural similarity to that of the discovered sodium channel toxins of BmK M1, BmK M3 and BmK M9, etc.BmK M2 is a potential new sodium channel modulator.Electrophysiological results revealed that BmK M2 can significantly enhance the activation, delay the steady-state inactivation and closed-state inactivation of Nav1.7, but has no activity on Nav1.8.BmK M2 can be used as a novel peptide probe for the study of the structure and function of Nav1.7 and the development of drugs targeting Nav1.7.

Restoration of FMRP expression in adult V1 neurons rescues visual deficits in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome

Many people affected by fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorders have sensory processing deficits, such as hypersensitivity to auditory, tactile, and visual stimuli. Like FXS in humans, loss of Fmr1 in rodents also cause sensory, behavioral, and cognitive deficits. However, the neural mechanisms underlying sensory impairment, especially vision impairment, remain unclear. It remains elusive whether the visual processing deficits originate from corrupted inputs, impaired perception in the primary sensory cortex, or altered integration in the higher cortex, and there is no effective treatment. In this study, we used a genetic knockout mouse model (Fmr1KO), in vivo imaging, and behavioral measurements to show that the loss of Fmr1 impaired signal processing in the primary visual cortex (V1). Specifically, Fmr1KO mice showed enhanced responses to low-intensity stimuli but normal responses to high-intensity stimuli. This abnormality was accompanied by enhancements in local network connectivity in V1 microcircuits and increased dendritic complexity of V1 neurons. These effects were ameliorated by the acute application of GABAA receptor activators, which enhanced the activity of inhibitory neurons, or by reintroducing Fmr1 gene expression in knockout V1 neurons in both juvenile and young-adult mice. Overall, V1 plays an important role in the visual abnormalities of Fmr1KO mice and it could be possible to rescue the sensory disturbances in developed FXS and autism patients.

Stability of IgE in Postmortem Plasma and Hemolyzed Samples / 法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the stability of IgE in postmortem plasma and hemolyzed samples under different storage conditions and freezing-thawing. Methods Thirty nine cardiac blood samples were collected from non-frozen corpses with the postmortem interval of less than 48 hours, including 20 plasma samples and 19 hemolyzed samples taken from whole blood. The samples were stored at -20 ℃, 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ for 28 d and at -80 ℃ for 1 year to evaluate the stability of IgE under different storage conditions. Repeated freezing-thawing treatment was conducted for 5 times to explore the stability of IgE in postmortem plasma and hemolyzed samples. IgE concentration in plasma and hemolyzed samples was detected by electroluminescence before and after treatment. Results The degradation rates of IgE in plasma samples under the three storage conditions, -20 ℃, 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ were close. After 28 d, the mean value was about 15%, the degradation speed of IgE in hemolyzed samples was faster than that of plasma under the same condition （P<0.05） and the degradation rate was faster than other two conditions under 25 ℃ （P<0.05）. The differences in the concentration of plasma samples after freezing at -80 ℃ for 1 year and that before freezing had no statistical significance （ P>0.05）, while the concentration of hemolyzed samples was degraded after freezing at -80 ℃ for 1 year （P<0.05）. The differences between the detection results of plasma and hemolyzed samples after repeated freezing-thawing for 5 times and that before freezing-thawing showed no statistical significance （ P>0.05）. Conclusion IgE has good freezing-thawing stability in postmortem plasma and hemolyzed samples. Stability of IgE is better in postmortem plasma samples than hemolyzed samples, thus it is recommended to separate plasma from postmortem blood samples as soon as possible in forensic practice.

Application of Postmortem Biochemistry Analysis in Forensic Medicine / 法医学杂志

In recent years, postmortem biochemistry analysis has gradually been applied to forensic practice, providing objective evidence for health conditions before death, disease pathophysiological processes and forensic diagnosis of postmortem interval and cause of death. It is of great significance to understand the change patterns of postmortem biochemical indicators and their applications in forensic medicine. This article reviews the research progress of postmortem biochemistry and its application in forensic medicine, it summarizes the existing problems of postmortem biochemistry analysis in forensic medicine of China and discusses the application prospect of postmortem biochemistry analysis in forensic medicine. This review is expected to provide references for forensic practitioners.

Accelerating Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Using Hybrid Deep Learning and Iterative Reconstruction

Purpose@#To accelerate magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) by developing a flexible deep learning reconstruction method. @*Materials and Methods@#Synthetic data were used to train a deep learning model. The trained model was then applied to MRF for different organs and diseases. Iterative reconstruction was performed outside the deep learning model, allowing a changeable encoding matrix, i.e., with flexibility of choice for image resolution, radiofrequency coil, k-space trajectory, and undersampling mask. In vivo experiments were performed on normal brain and prostate cancer volunteers to demonstrate the model performance and generalizability. @*Results@#In 400-dynamics brain MRF, direct nonuniform Fourier transform caused a slight increase of random fluctuations on the T2 map. These fluctuations were reduced with the proposed method. In prostate MRF, the proposed method suppressed fluctuations on both T1 and T2 maps. @*Conclusion@#The deep learning and iterative MRF reconstruction method described in this study was flexible with different acquisition settings such as radiofrequency coils. It is generalizable for different In vivo applications.

Protective effect and mechanism of Wangshi Baochi Pills against acute alcoholic liver/stomach injury in mice / 中国中药杂志

As a common disease worldwide, alcoholic liver injury is caused by long-term or excessive intake of alcohol and triggers cell death due to alcohol metabolism and reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated cytotoxicity. Wangshi Baochi(WSBC) Pills have been widely adopted in clinical practice for evacuating stasis, resolving turbidity, clearing heat, tranquilizing mind, invigorating sto-mach, promoting digestion, purging fire and removing toxin. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of WSBC Pills in dispelling the effect of alcohol and protecting against acute alcoholic liver/stomach injury in mice, and preliminarily investigate its possible mole-cular mechanism. The results found that the preventive treatment with WSBC Pills contributed to elevating the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and its expression in liver and shortening the time required for sobering up of mice with acute alcoholic liver injury. The staining of liver pathological sections as well as the detection of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and liver ROS levels revealed that WSBC Pills protected the liver by reducing serum AST and ALT. It suppressed oxidative stress-induced liver injury by lowering liver ROS and elevating superoxide dismutase(SOD), and the liver-protecting effect was superior to that of silibinin. Western blot assay confirmed that WSBC Pills inhibited the oxidative stress by up-regulating SOD1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO-1). In addition, WSBC Pills lowered the ROS level to protect against the acute alcoholic stomach injury in mice. The findings have suggested that WSBC Pills alleviated the acute alcoholic liver/stomach injury in mice by increasing ADH and resisting oxidative stress.

Application of Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Technology in the Detection of Total IgE of Hemolytic Blood after Death / 法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the treatment effect of hollow fiber ultrafiltration technology on hemolytic samples and the differences between IgE concentration and serum concentration before hemolysis in ultrafiltrate. Methods The 33 postmortem blood samples of non-frozen corpses within 72 hours after death were collected, 4 mL blood was taken from each case, among which 1 mL was centrifuged to get serum, and the remaining 3 mL blood was frozen-thawed 3-5 times to cause complete hemolysis. The 2 mL hemolytic samples were processed by hollow fiber ultrafiltration to obtain ultrafiltrate. The hemoglobin concentration in serum, complete hemolytic sample and ultrafiltrate was determined by Van-Zij solution-cyanated methemoglobin assay method, and the total IgE in serum and ultrafiltrate was determined by electrochemical luminescence method. Results The hemoglobin concentration in ultrafiltrate was significantly lower than that in complete hemolytic samples （P<0.05）. There was a good correlation between the total IgE detection values of ultrafiltrate and serum （r=0.984）. The difference between the serum and the value of IgE in ultrafiltrate after correction had no statistical significance, and the differences between the two in positive rates had no statistical significance （P>0.05）. Conclusion Ultrafiltration technology has a good treatment effect on complete hemolytic samples, and the correction value of ultrafiltrate detection is close to the serum level before hemolysis, and therefore, it can be applied to the detection of total IgE of frozen corpse hemolytic samples.

Exploratory study on the application of nasal high-flow oxygen therapy during breaks off noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To compare the therapeutic effects of nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (HFNC) and nasal canal oxygenation (NCO) during breaks off non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and to explore the feasibility of NIV combined with HFNC in the treatment of AECOPD.Methods:From August 2017 to July 2019, AECOPD patients with type Ⅱrespiratory failure (arterial blood gas pH <7.35, PaCO 2 > 50 mmHg) who were treated with NIV were randomly (random number) assigned to the HFNC group and NCO group at 1:1. The HFNC group received HFNC treatment during breaks from NIV and the NCO group received low-flow NCO during the NIV interval. The primary endpoint was the total respiratory support time. The secondary endpoints were endotracheal intubation, duration of NIV treatment and breaks from NIV, length of ICU stay, total length of hospital stay and so on. Results:Eighty-two patients were randomly assigned to the HFNC group and the NCO group. After secondary exclusion, 36 patients in the HFNC group and 37 patients in the NCO group were included in the analysis. The total respiratory support time in the HFNC group was significantly shorter than that in the NCO group [(74 ± 18) h vs. (93 ± 20) h, P = 0.042]. The total duration of NIV treatment in the HFNC group was significantly shorter than that in the NCO group [(36 ± 11) h vs. (51 ± 13) h, P=0.014]. There was no significant difference of the mean duration of single break from NIV between the two groups, but durations of break from NIV in the HFNC group were significantly longer than those in the NCO group since the third break from NIV ( P < 0.05). The intubation rates of the HFNC and NCO groups were 13.9% and 18.9%, respectively, with no significant difference ( P=0.562). The length of ICU stay in the HFNC group was (4.3 ± 1.7) days, which was shorter than that in the NCO group [(5.8 ± 2.1) days, P=0.045], but there was no significant difference in the total length of hospital stay between the two groups. Heart rate, respiratory rate, percutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure and dyspnea score during the breaks from NIV in the NCO group were significantly higher than those in the HFNC group, and the comfort score was lower than that in the HFNC group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For AECOPD patients receiving NIV, compared with NCO, HFNC during breaks from NIV can shorten respiratory support time and length of ICU stay, and improve carbon dioxide retention and dyspnea. HFNC is an ideal complement to NIV therapy in AECOPD patients.

Expressions of SPNS2 and Lgr5 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and their correlations with prognosis / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the expressions of sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter 2 (SPNS2) and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and their correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods:A total of 82 cases of squamous cell carcinoma were collected from the paraffin-embedded specimens of laryngeal cancer in Taixing People′s Hospital of Jiangsu Province from March 2012 to March 2016. The expressions of SPNS2 and Lgr5 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 82 cancerous tissues and 50 adjacent normal tissues. The relationships between the expressions of SPNS2 and Lgr5 in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed.Results:The high expression rate of SPNS2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues was 40.24% (33/82), which was higher than 8.00% (4/50) in normal tissues adjacent to cancer. The high expression rate of Lgr5 in cancerous tissues was 46.34% (38/82), which was higher than 12.00% (6/50) in normal tissues adjacent to cancer. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2=16.008, P<0.001; χ2=16.484, P<0.001). The expression status of SPNS2 was related to tumor size ( χ2=5.713, P=0.017), tumor stage ( χ2=7.071, P=0.008), tumor differentiation degree ( χ2=5.722, P=0.017) and lymph node metastasis ( χ2=6.595, P=0.010). There were significant differences in the expression status of Lgr5 in different tumor stage ( χ2=8.200, P=0.004), tumor differentiation ( χ2=9.435, P=0.002) and lymph node metastasis ( χ2=16.188, P<0.001). The 3-year overall survival rate of patients in SPNS2 low expression group was 90.91%, which was higher than that of patients in SPNS2 high expression group (71.43%, χ2=4.975, P=0.026). The 3-year progression-free survival rate of patients in SPNS2 low expression group was 78.79%, which was higher than that of patients in SPNS2 high expression group (55.10%, χ2=6.113, P=0.013). The 3-year overall survival rate of patients in Lgr5 low expression group was 86.84%, which was higher than that of patients in Lgr5 high expression group (65.91%, χ2=5.801, P=0.016). The 3-year progression-free survival rate of patients in Lgr5 low expression group was 78.95%, which was higher than that of patients in Lgr5 high expression group (56.82%, χ2=6.316, P=0.012). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that differentiation ( RR=0.199, 95% CI: 0.057-0.691, P=0.011), tumor staging ( RR=0.167, 95% CI: 0.053-0.531, P=0.002), SPNS2 ( RR=0.208, 95% CI: 0.072-0.604, P=0.004) and Lgr5 ( RR=0.198, 95% CI: 0.060-0.655, P=0.008) were risk factors for the prognosis of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Contingency correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between SPNS2 and Lgr5 expressions in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma ( C=0.591, P<0.001). Conclusion:SPNS2 and Lgr5 are highly expressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and are closely related to clinicopathological features. And SPNS2 and Lgr5 are risk factors for the prognosis of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Thermosensitive gel of polysaccharide from Ganoderma applanatum combined with paclitaxel for mice with 4T1 breast cancer / 中国中药杂志

Polysaccharide from Ganoderma applanatum has the activities of anti-tumor and enhancing immune function. There were no reports on antitumor effect of its intratumoral injection. In this study, the polysaccharide was extracted from G. applanatum by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and purified by ceramic membrane after removing protein by Sevage method. The total polysaccharide content from G. applanatum(PGA)was about 63%. The combination of PGA and paclitaxel showed synergistic effect on cytotoxicity of 4 T1 cells at lower concentrations in vitro. In addition, the growth curve of 4 T1 cells showed that PGA could retard the growth of 4 T1 cells gradually. The PGA thermosensitive gel(PGA-TG)was prepared by using poloxamer 188 and 407. The gel temperature was 36 ℃, and the PGA-TG could effectively slow down the release rate of PGA in vitro. 4 T1 breast cancer-bearing mice were used as a model to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intratumoral injection of PGA combined with tail vein injection of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel(nab-PTX). In high and low dose PGA groups, each mice was given with 2.25, 1.125 mg PGA respectively, twice in total, and the dosage of paclitaxel was 15 mg·kg~(-1), once every 3 days, for a total of five times. The tumor inhibition rate was 29.65% in the high dose PGA-TG group, 58.58% in the nab-PTX group, 63.37% in low dose PGA-TG combined with nab-PTX group, and 68.10% in high dose PGA-TG combined with nab-PTX group respectively. The inhibitory effect in high dose PGA-TG group combined with nab-PTX on tumors was significantly higher than that in nab-PTX group(P<0.05). The results showed that paclitaxel therapy combined with intratumoral injection of PGA-TG could improve the therapeutic effect for 4 T1 mice and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy.

Effect of electroacupuncture on the learning and memory abilities in type 2 diabetic model rats with cognitive impairment / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the protein and gene expressions of Bax, Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in cerebral cortex of type 2 diabetic rats with cognitive impairment (CI), and to explore the mechanism of EA in improving the learning and memory abilities. Methods: A total of 100 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a normal group (n=10) and a model group (n=90) by random number table method. Rats in the model group were intraperitoneally injected with a small dose of streptozotocin (STZ) to establish the type 2 diabetic models, after being fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet for 1 month. Twenty CI rats were selected from the 50 successful model rats by the Morris water maze (MWM) test and randomly divided into a model group and an EA group according to the blood glucose level and MWM data (n=10). Rats in the EA group received acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36), Neiting (ST 44) and Yishu (Extra), of which Zusanli (ST 36) and Neiting (ST 44) were stimulated by EA apparatus, 20 min/time, once a day for 6 d a week and 4 consecutive weeks. The rats in the model and the normal groups were fixed without treatment. After 4-week treatment, the random blood glucose level of the rats was measured; the learning and memory abilities of rats were measured by MWM; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect apoptotic cells; Western blot (WB) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the protein and gene expressions of Bax, Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in cerebral cortex. Results: After modeling, the random blood glucose level and the escape latency tested by MWM were significantly increased, and the number of crossing the platform tested by the MWM was decreased in the EA and model groups, and were significantly different from those in the normal group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the differences between the model group and the EA group were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). After 4-week treatment, the random glucose level and the escape latency tested by MWM were significantly increased (both P<0.05), and the number of crossing the original platform tested by the MWM was significantly reduced (P<0.01), the protein and gene expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly increased (all P<0.001), the protein and gene expressions of Bcl-2 were significantly reduced (both P<0.001), and the number of neuron apoptosis was significantly increased (P<0.001) in the model group than in the normal group; the random blood glucose level was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the escape latency tested by MWM was significantly shortened (P<0.05), and the number of crossing the original platform tested by MWM was significantly increased (P<0.05), the protein and gene expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly reduced (all P<0.001), the protein and gene expressions of Bcl-2 were significantly increased (both P<0.001), and the number of neuron apoptosis was significantly reduced (P<0.001) in the EA group than in the model group. Conclusion: EA can improve the learning and memory damages induced by type 2 diabetic model rats with CI; the action mechanism may be achieved via anti-apoptosis.